Nah, seriously, they really are cool . Some of them are cooler than Venus, and they don’t fuse... not even deuterium. In fact, some red dwarves don’t come anywhere near the temperatures required for fusion (roughly 10 8 °K standalone; with the help of a few other factors, maybe 3,000,000°K), which raises an obvious question. Why do they glow? At all? “Gravitational collapse” can only get one a part of the way towards an explanation. In fact, Chandra detected a brown dwarf throwing a big Xray flare in 1999 , which presents an even more stark dilemma. What’s a star ( LP 944-20 , ≅60 Jupiter masses) that can’t even fuse, that’s gravitationally collapsing (adiabatic compression) doing throwing flares? Even more MiB: why haven’t we been told that our mainstream astrophysics has many such issues and is well past due for a revolution?
Linux Advocate in Western Australia